What are the common symptoms of mental disorders

The common symptoms of mental disorders mainly include hallucinations, delusions, emotional disorders, cognitive impairment, behavioral abnormalities, etc. Mental disorders may be caused by various factors such as genetic factors, brain damage, psychological trauma, chronic stress, substance abuse, etc., and need to be diagnosed through professional evaluation.

1. Illusion

Illusion refers to a false perceptual experience that occurs without external stimuli, commonly seen in diseases such as schizophrenia. Patients may hear non-existent sounds, see non-existent images, or feel non-existent tactile sensations. The content of hallucinations is usually related to the patient's psychological state and may cause fear or distress. Illusions need to be distinguished from illusions, which are incorrect interpretations of real stimuli.

2. Delusions

Delusions are solid false beliefs that are difficult to shake even with evidence to the contrary. Common types include delusions of persecution, delusions of relationships, and delusions of exaggeration. The content of delusions usually does not conform to the logic of reality, but patients firmly believe in it. Delusions may affect patients' judgment and behavior, leading to social disorders or risky behaviors. Delusions are common in mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and delusional disorders.

3. Emotional disorders

Emotional disorders are characterized by abnormal emotional experiences and expressions, including depression, mania, anxiety, etc. Patients with depression may experience sustained depression and loss of interest; Mania patients may experience heightened emotions and increased activity; Anxiety patients often experience excessive worry and tension. Emotional disorders may affect daily life functions and, in severe cases, may lead to a risk of suicide. Emotional disorders are commonly seen in diseases such as depression and bipolar disorder.

4. Cognitive impairment

Cognitive impairment involves impairments in memory, attention, executive function, and other aspects. Patients may experience symptoms such as memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and decision-making difficulties. Cognitive impairment may affect work ability and daily life, and in severe cases may lead to orientation disorders. Cognitive impairment is common in diseases such as dementia and schizophrenia, and may also be a accompanying symptom of certain physical illnesses.

5. Behavioral abnormalities

Behavioral abnormalities include increased or decreased actions, stereotyped behavior, aggressive behavior, etc. Patients may exhibit excessive or reduced activity, repeat aimless actions, or exhibit impulsive aggressive behavior. Abnormal behavior may affect social relationships and personal safety, and requires timely intervention. Behavioral abnormalities are common in disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. The symptoms of mental disorders are diverse, and early identification and intervention are crucial for prognosis. Maintaining a regular schedule, balanced diet, and moderate exercise are beneficial for mental health. When suspected symptoms appear, it is recommended to seek professional help in a timely manner and avoid self diagnosis or medication. A comprehensive intervention that combines psychotherapy, medication, and social support usually achieves good results. The understanding and support of family and friends also play an important role in the recovery of patients.