What are the common aspects of mental disorders that can be summarized

Common mental disorders can be summarized into five aspects: emotional disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, personality disorders, and substance related disorders.

1. Emotional disorders

Emotional disorders mainly manifest as sustained abnormal fluctuations in emotions, including depression and bipolar disorder. Patients with depression often experience symptoms such as low mood, decreased interest, and lack of energy, which may be accompanied by sleep disorders and changes in appetite. Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating changes in mood between depression and mania, with manic episodes possibly showing excessive excitement, impulsive behavior, and other symptoms. The onset of emotional disorders is related to factors such as genetics, environmental stress, and neurotransmitter imbalance.

II. Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and other types. Patients often experience emotional reactions such as excessive worry, fear, and tension, accompanied by physical symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, and tremors. Patients with anxiety disorders may experience recurrent compulsive thinking or behavior. These types of disorders are related to genetic factors, childhood trauma experiences, long-term stress, and other factors. Cognitive behavioral therapy and medication therapy are the main intervention methods.

III. Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder

Schizophrenia spectrum disorder is characterized by multiple impairments in thinking, perception, emotion, and behavior. Patients may experience symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, speech disorders, and significant impairment of social and cognitive abilities. This type of disorder is related to factors such as abnormal brain structure, neurotransmitter imbalance, genetic susceptibility, etc., and requires long-term drug treatment and psychosocial rehabilitation training.

4. Personality disorders

Personality disorders are characterized by persistent and rigid maladaptive behavior patterns, including borderline personality disorders, antisocial personality disorders, and other types. Patients have significant difficulties in interpersonal relationships, emotional regulation, and impulse control, with symptoms typically beginning in adolescence and continuing into adulthood. The formation of personality disorders is closely related to childhood trauma, family environment, genetic factors, etc. The treatment mainly focuses on psychological therapy.

V. Substance related disorders

Substance related disorders involve dependence and abuse of substances such as alcohol and drugs. Patients lose control of substance use, experience increased tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, which seriously affect their physical and mental health and social functioning. This type of disorder is related to genetic susceptibility, social environmental stress, psychological factors, etc. Treatment requires a combination of drug withdrawal and psychological rehabilitation. The prevention and rehabilitation of mental disorders require comprehensive intervention measures. Maintaining a regular schedule and a healthy diet can help maintain psychological balance, while moderate exercise can alleviate stress. Establishing a good interpersonal support system is crucial for mental health. When experiencing persistent psychological discomfort, professional help should be sought in a timely manner. Early intervention can significantly improve prognosis. Learning psychological education and self-regulation skills can help improve coping abilities and reduce the risk of mental disorders.