What are the causes and hazards of high blood pressure

High blood pressure may be caused by genetic factors, high salt diet, obesity, mental stress, chronic kidney disease, and other reasons. Long term uncontrolled hypertension can lead to stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, retinal lesions, arteriosclerosis, and other hazards.

1. Genetic factors: People with a history of hypertension in the

family have a significantly increased risk of developing the disease, which is related to gene regulation of the renin-angiotensin system. These patients need to have their blood pressure monitored regularly starting from their youth. It is recommended to have 24-hour dynamic blood pressure monitoring every quarter. Early detection of abnormalities can be intervened through low sodium diet and regular exercise.

2. High salt diet:

A daily sodium intake of more than 5 grams will destroy the balance of the sodium pump in vascular endothelial cells, causing water and sodium retention and vasoconstriction. Clinical data shows that reducing salt intake by 3 grams can lower systolic blood pressure by 5 mmHg. When cooking, use a limited salt spoon and replace some salt with seasonings such as vinegar and lemon juice.

3. Obesity factors: When the body mass index exceeds 28, leptin secreted by adipose tissue will stimulate sustained sympathetic nervous system excitation. Research has confirmed that for every 10 centimeters increase in waist circumference, blood pressure rises by 3mmHg. It is recommended to adopt a Mediterranean diet pattern and engage in 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise such as brisk walking and swimming per week.

4. Mental stress:

Long term anxiety and tension can lead to excessive secretion of catecholamines in the adrenal gland, resulting in sustained vasospasm. Workplace individuals can regulate their autonomic nervous system function through mindfulness meditation and breathing training, and if necessary, undergo stress assessment using a psychological scale.

5. Chronic kidney disease: When the glomerular filtration rate drops below 60ml/min, impaired renal sodium excretion can activate the RAAS system. These patients need to have their urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio checked monthly and their protein intake controlled within 0.8g/kg body weight. Patients with hypertension should establish a blood pressure monitoring log that includes three time periods: morning, bedtime, and before medication. It is recommended to use a certified upper arm electronic blood pressure monitor. Add potassium rich foods such as celery and kelp to your diet, and avoid drinking strong tea and coffee. Choose low-intensity sports such as Tai Chi and Baduanjin for exercise, and keep your neck warm during winter outdoor activities. In patients with diabetes, blood pressure should be controlled below 130/80mmHg, and carotid ultrasound and urine protein detection should be carried out regularly. Seek medical attention immediately when symptoms of target organ damage such as persistent headache and blurred vision occur.