Several common poisonous mushrooms

The common poisonous mushrooms mainly include poisonous Amanita, poisonous powdery fungus, poisonous red mushroom, poisonous fly umbrella, white poisonous umbrella, etc. Eating poisonous mushrooms by mistake may lead to gastroenteritis, neurotoxicity, liver and kidney damage, and even death. It is recommended not to pick or consume wild mushrooms.

1. Poisonous Amanita

Poisonous Amanita, also known as the death cap, contains Amanita toxin. After ingestion, vomiting and diarrhea may occur 6-24 hours later, followed by liver and kidney failure. The appearance of this fungus is similar to that of edible shiitake mushrooms, with a yellow green to olive colored cap and a cup-shaped stipe at the base of the stem. Immediate medical attention is required after poisoning. Currently, there is no specific antidote, and blood purification treatment is mainly used.

2. Poisonous Powder Fungus

Poisonous Powder Fungus contains Oletoxin, which can cause neurological symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, and delirium 30 minutes to 3 hours after ingestion. The cap is white to grayish white, and after the gills are injured, milky white juice will seep out. After poisoning, gastric lavage should be performed promptly, and drugs such as atropine can be used to counteract the toxic effects.

3. Poison Red Mushroom

Poison Red Mushroom contains red mushroom hemolysin, which can cause hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinuria 2-12 hours after ingestion. The cap is bright red, the flesh is white, and it does not change color after injury. After poisoning, intravenous fluid replacement is needed to alkalize urine, and in severe cases, blood transfusion treatment is required.

4. Poison Fly Umbrella

Poison Fly Umbrella contains muscimol and Amanitine. After ingestion, neurological symptoms such as excitement, hallucinations, and pupil constriction may occur 15-60 minutes later. The cap is orange red with white scales, and the stem has a white fungal ring. Early poisoning can induce vomiting, and in severe cases, benzodiazepines should be used to control symptoms.

5. White umbrella

White umbrella contains umbrella peptide toxins, which can cause liver and kidney damage 6-24 hours after ingestion. The whole body is pure white, the cap is smooth, and the stem is slender. Early blood perfusion is necessary after poisoning, and liver protective drugs such as silymarin can be used as adjuvant therapy.

Precautions for preventing mushroom poisoning: Do not eat wild mushrooms that you do not know, and do not trust folk identification methods easily; Choose a legitimate market to purchase mushrooms; Retain samples before cooking wild mushrooms; Immediately bring the remaining mushrooms to seek medical attention if symptoms of poisoning occur. It is recommended to choose safe varieties such as artificially cultivated shiitake mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms for daily diet, and consume them thoroughly after heating. People with special physical conditions should control their intake.