How to take vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 should be taken under the guidance of a doctor, and the specific dosage should be adjusted according to the dosage form, indications, and individual differences. Common dosage forms include tablets, injections, sublingual tablets, etc., mainly suitable for conditions such as megaloblastic anemia, peripheral neuropathy, and nutritional supplementation for vegetarians.

1. Oral tablets

Vitamin B12 tablets are suitable for individuals with normal gastrointestinal function and are usually recommended to be taken with or after meals to promote absorption. Ordinary tablets should be swallowed whole and avoid chewing or crushing. For elderly people or patients with atrophic gastritis who have insufficient gastric acid secretion, it may be necessary to take acidic beverages in combination. During use, it is advisable to avoid using acid suppressants and potassium preparations simultaneously as they may affect absorption efficiency.

2. Injection type

Vitamin B12 injection is suitable for patients with severe deficiency or absorption disorders, such as pernicious anemia and post gastrectomy populations. Medical personnel are required to administer intramuscular or subcutaneous injections, with the common injection site being the deltoid muscle in the buttocks or upper arm. The initial treatment phase may require high-frequency injections, and the maintenance period can be adjusted to once a month. Local redness and swelling may occur after injection, and close observation is necessary.

3. Sublingual tablets

Sublingual oral dosage forms can bypass gastrointestinal absorption barriers and enter the bloodstream directly through the oral mucosa. When using, place the pill under the tongue until it is completely dissolved, and avoid swallowing or drinking water during this period. This dosage form is more suitable for patients with swallowing difficulties or after gastrointestinal surgery, but may cause discomfort such as oral numbness.

4. Special population adjustment

Pregnant and lactating women need to adjust their dosage under the guidance of a doctor, and it is usually recommended to supplement with multivitamins. People with renal insufficiency should avoid long-term use of large doses, which may increase the burden on the kidneys. Children's medication should be accurately calculated based on body weight, and adult grade preparations should not be used directly.

5. When combined with folic acid, it is important to maintain an appropriate ratio. High doses of folic acid alone may mask symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. Some antibiotics and anti gout drugs may interfere with vitamin B12 metabolism and should be taken at least two hours apart. Patients with diabetes who use metformin for a long time should regularly monitor the level of vitamin B12.

During vitamin B12 supplementation, it is recommended to maintain a balanced diet and consume natural sources such as animal liver, fish, eggs, and milk in moderation. Regularly monitor serum vitamin B12 levels and homocysteine levels to avoid adverse reactions such as acne and diarrhea caused by excessive supplementation. If discomfort symptoms such as palpitations and dizziness occur, seek medical attention promptly and adjust the plan. Do not increase or decrease the dosage or change the dosage form on your own.